Microsoft says Windows Search 4.0 will make it possible for users to quickly find documents, e-mails, photos, and other files archived on their hard drives. They also say that it offers several benefits over previous versions.
It features Encrypted File System indexing. This makes it possible to index encrypted files and make them available to authorized users.
Microsoft has introduced Rollback Recovery, which is a feature that rolls the search index back to its last known "good state." This is so the index doesn't need to be rebuilt from scratch if there is an error.
There is a new feature that makes it possible to remotely search a hard drive of one computer from another computer.
According to Microsoft Windows Search 4.0 is faster than the default desktop search tools that are presently included with its Windows Vista and Windows XP operating systems.
More details are here
Windows Vista Team Blog : Announcing the Windows Search 4.0 Preview